Key Concepts

• Euclid's Division Lemma: a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r < b
• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Every composite number can be uniquely expressed as product of primes
• HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
• Irrational Numbers: Numbers that cannot be expressed as p/q

Important Formulae

HCF(a,b) × LCM(a,b) = a × b